Notes on Society

Chapter 10 kind Stratification a system by which a society ranks categories of raft in a hierarchy, it is a trait of society, found in all societys, carries over from generation to generation and creates systems and class Social Mobility a change in position within the friendly hierarchy Caste System unsympathetic system based on ascription, or birth, little or no mobility, shapes a persons entire life, task and marriage. Found in traditional Agrarian societies. Class System well-disposed stratification based on both birth, ascription and individual achievement, meritocracy.Meritocracy Social stratification based on personal merit view Consistency the degree of uniformity in a persons social standing across variant dimensions of social divergence. Example A college professor with advanced degrees enjoys high prestige but only earns a minuscule wage. Structural Social Mobility a shift in the social position of large numbers of people due more to changes in society itself tha n to individual efforts Ideology cultural beliefs that justify particular social arrangements, including patterns of inequalityDavis Moore thesis A system of unequal rewards is necessary to place talented people in the even out jobs and to motivate them to work hard. the functional analysis claiming that social stratification has beneficial consequences for the operation of society downcast Collar occupations lower prestige jobs that strike mostly manual labor White Collar occupations Higher-prestige jobs that involve mostly mental activity Socioeconomic Status, SES a composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequalityConspicuous Consumption Buying and using products because of the statement they make about social position Chapter 11 Income earnings from work or investments Wealth The total value of money and other assets, minus large debts Intragenerational Social Mobility a change in social position occurring during a persons lifetime. Intergenerational Social M obility upward or downward social mobility of children in relation to their p arnts Feminization of Poverty the trend of women making up an increase proportion of the poor Chapter 12Global Stratification Patterns of social inequality in the world as a altogether High Income Country nations with the highest overall standards of living Middle Income Country nations with the standard of living that is about the medium for the world Low Income Country nations with low standard of living in which most people are poor Modernization Theory is a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in harm of technological and cultural differences among nations Dependency Theory explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor societies by rich ones