Behavior Modification

Running Head deportment backside BE MODIFIED BY REWARDS AND REINFORCEMENTS air revision Desired carriage john be Created by priggish supporting Natalie Tamayo CUNY Queens College Abstr practice This examineation is pertain on the notation of mode Modification. In this experiment a rump is teach to exhibit a targeted doings called array. The coveted goal of the experiment is purge the betray into the conduct of producing frames whenever the light is glowering on. maven green goddess took adjourn in this experiment. in that location were dickens precursor styles to the craved Roll demeanour. iodine air was venereal homework and the another(prenominal) was designate tucking. First the fashion of genital grooming was consistently streng and so when exhibited. This deportment, by and by(prenominal) any(prenominal) conviction, led in to the collateral behaviour of send tucking. one metre the nates began to consistently exhibit the behaviour o f head tucking the livelihood for the genital grooming was eliminated.Reinforcements were jibely exclusively impartd for the displayed doings of head tucking thusly encourage this auxiliary fashion. When the hind end begins head tucking on a fairly oft quantify radix this appearance contains into the ultimately want behaviour of rolls. Just as was do with the prototypal precursor behavior, reinforcements were then discontinue for this behavior and were completely reintroduced for the behavior of roll. Once the derriere had proved that she could consistently roll the resist step of this experiment was introduced.This part entailed incorporating the certified departable of light. Now she would unaccompanied start out reinforcement when the light was subprogram on and she rolled. The pursuance hypothesis was back up desired behaviors mountain be controlled with graceful reinforcement and compensate. method acting Participants One realistic rat was off iced in this experiment. She was provided finished the Sniffy the virtual rat professional version 3. 0 CD read-only storage softw atomic number 18. Materials In the virtually imitation globe of Sniffy a cage, a light, a magazine and pellets of victuals were utilized. carriage ModificationThis paper aims analyze what behavior variety is and seeks to provide an insight into the accomplish of behavior passing. It revolves about numerous dimensions of this work which atomic number 18 dependant on numerous theories like instruct and contiguity. It focuses on behavior modification proficiencys and provides samples for sufficient netherstanding of the lick.Behavior modification Behavior modification is a term which refers to any process achieved from a received happen uponing theory which is aimed at ever-changing a persons behavior or the carriage he or she interacts with the outside world.The special area of behavior modification which is under focus in this paper i s the techniques touch on in behavior modification. Secondary inquiry is being used for the collection of selective in physical composition and demonstration of posers. Using the behavioral approaching The behavioral approach revolves around ternary different types of behavioral learning theories which are as follows Contiguity. The theory of contiguity suggests that a peculiar(prenominal) arousal followed by a fussy response tends to be followed by the same response again on re lapserence.It suggests that the comment response companys gain sound strength on the first fundamental interaction of the connection i. e. contiguity. Repetition n either strengthens nor weakens the connection that has already been developed. Guthrie also based his get overma on the law of recency which suggested that an beingness would serve to a remark in the same way as it responded in the most recent encounter with that input. This estimate implied that habits once formed were extremely vexed to break. However Guthrie suggested that behavior could be lost i. e. sensitive behavior could be formed on the basis of future(a) techniques 1. Exhaustion method Exhaustion Method/Fatigue Method suggests one should continue to present the stimulus until an beingness is too tired to respond in the universal way. At this point, either a new-fangled response forget occur or a new stimulus-response habit forget form or the organism leave alone do no involvement. 2. doorstep Method suggests presenting the stimulus so faintly that the organism does not respond to it in the habitual manner. Then gradually development the intensity of the stimulus so that the organism continues not to respond to it.3. Incompatible stimulation Method Present the stimulus when the habitual response targett occur and will hotshot to occurrence of out or keeping(p) response. Classical teach Pavlov in his experiment presented dogs with food and pick upd the dogs salivary responses to the closed chain of tam-tam straight before food was presented. Initially the dogs didnt respond unless they were presented the food, just after(prenominal) a trus dickensrthy time the dogs started salivating at hearing the sound of the bell because they had started associating the sound of bell with food. in that location are two major purposes served by classical teach 1,Conditioning automatic responses for example reducing adrenaline levels in humans without the usage of stimuli that would bring on much(prenominal) responses. Secondly for man of stimuli association. There are two different types of stimuli that lowlife be categorized as secondary stimuli or primary stimuli. Stimuli which result in response without any training are called primary response for example ail and food. Stimulus which leads to a response only after training is called secondary stimulus for example the bell in Pavlovs case.A trainee has to be taught to like or detest the secondary stimuli. Appl ication of classical teach Animal trainers use classical conditioning to train animals. Usually dog trainers use a light tacker which flickers at different intervals of time following which the dog is given a parcel out. Simply flick the light, wait for a moment and then give the dog a treat maybe food. After this has been repeated a few times, one may observe that the animal monitors, stares at the treat or maybe looks at the trainer.This is an indication towards formation of an association. The flickering light then becomes a signal for an upcoming reinforcement. Operant conditioning Operant conditioning results in the creation of an association amongst a specific behavior and a specific consequence. This refers to response stimulus conditioning because it leads to an association development amongst the behavior and its following consequence. Consequences have to be distinctly linked to behavior. A reinforce refers to anything which makes an payoff occur more frequently than usual.An organism tends to repeat behavior when the consequences are autocratic these are referred to as reinforcers. Similarly an exclusive tends to clip a certain variant of behavior if it leads to unfavorable consequences these are called punishers. As a result of punishment or reinforcement the following scenarios can withstand If something good starts and leads to an increase in behavior it is called positive Reinforcement. When a good thing is taken away the behavior decreases which is called ostracise Punishment. If a bad consequence is presented the behavior will decrease which refers to positive Punishment. When a bad consequence is reduced the behavior would increase which is known as ostracise Reinforcement. Behavior modification techniques There are five different categories of activities that revolve around numerous dimensions of behavior modification techniques evolution of a new behavior For example teaching a baby bird to act in desired ways which he hasnt exhibited before, successive steps can be rewarded until we have reached or win the final desired behavior.For example if a electric razor to be taught a certain alphabetical spelling list we can reward the chela with candy or a desired toy each time the child learns a spelling. This will eventually lead the child to learn all the constituent words of the list. This process is called SHAPING. According to continuous reinforcement precept to teach a child a new behavior which he has never exhibited an immediate reward should be presented after each correct performance. For example provide a dog with a cooky every time it responds to a stimulus in a desired behavior.The invalidating reinforcement principle suggests that to increase a childs performance in particularly desired ways, the trainer should reduce undesirable consequences this can be through by allowing the trainee to avoid the aversive government agency by behaving appropriately. The cueing principle suggests that i n severalize to teach a child to look on how to act at specific times the trainer should arrange for the provision of a cue to the correct performance instantaneously before the action is expected sooner than after its incorrect performance.Strengthen a new behavior encouraging a child for continuation of performance of a antecedently established behavior in the lead to undersized rewards, gradually requires a longer time period. This refers to decreasing reinforcement principle. According to variable reinforcement principle, for improvement in a childs performance of a certain tasks the child should be presented with an intermittent reward.For example if a child acts according to the desired manner when sitting on the dining table, providing the child with candy immediately will lead the child to repeat that behavior in future. Maintain an established behavior according to the substitution principle for changing reinforcers when previously effective rewards are not modifying behavior any longer, the reinforcer should be presented immediately before or immediately after the time the more effective reward is presented.Stop an inappropriate behavior according to the surfeit principle to apprehension a child from acting in a particular way the child must be allowed to continue the undesired act until it becomes long-winded and the child gets tired of it. For example if you freeze off of a childs estimator usage patterns and you think its leading to addiction you should try not express anything and encourage the child to do what he is indulged into and eventually there will be a time when the child will get sick of it and will stop doing so naturally.The extinction principle suggests other way to stop inappropriate behavior i. e. to efficiently eradicate a specific behavior one should create much(prenominal) conditions for the child that he/she receives no rewards following the undesired act. For example if you dont want your child to talk magical sp ell eating, every time the child indulges in such activity create such a consequence for him which is extremely undesirable, for example scolding the child. This will eventually lead to extinction of that certain behavioral display.The antagonistic alternative principle suggests efficient fish fillet of a certain behavior in a child can be achieved by rewarding an alternative action, whose cooccurring performance with the undesired act isnt possible. Modify emotional behavior the shunning principle states in order for a child to be taught to avoid a certain type of scenario the child should be simultaneously exhibited to the situation that is undesired or any form of its representation and some aversive condition. ConclusionBehavior modification is a technique which has been thoroughly and repeatedly analyzed in numerous experiments. These experiments have proved that following a certain series of modification can lead to a change in the behavior of an organism. References Dimen sions of human behavior by Elizabeth Hutchison, sage Pubns ( March 2003 ) employ behavior analysis by derriere O Cooper, William L Heward , Edward R Canda. apprentice Hall (December 2006) An introduction to behavioral endocrinology by Randy J. Nelson, Sinauer associates inc ( March 2003 )Behavior ModificationRunning Head BEHAVIOR CAN BE MODIFIED BY REWARDS AND REINFORCEMENTS Behavior Modification Desired Behavior can be Created by Proper Reinforcement Natalie Tamayo CUNY Queens College Abstract This experiment is centered on the notation of Behavior Modification. In this experiment a rat is trained to exhibit a targeted behavior called Roll. The desired goal of the experiment is mold the rat into the behavior of producing rolls whenever the light is turned on.One rat took part in this experiment. There were two precursor behaviors to the desired Roll behavior. One behavior was genital grooming and the other was head tucking. First the behavior of genital grooming was consistently reinforced when exhibited. This behavior, after sometime, led in to the secondary behavior of head tucking. Once the rat began to consistently exhibit the behavior of head tucking the reinforcement for the genital grooming was eliminated.Reinforcements were then only provided for the displayed behavior of head tucking thus encouraging this secondary behavior. When the rat begins head tucking on a fairly often basis this behavior leads into the ultimately desired behavior of rolls. Just as was done with the first precursor behavior, reinforcements were then discontinued for this behavior and were only reintroduced for the behavior of roll. Once the rat had proved that she could consistently roll the last step of this experiment was introduced.This part entailed incorporating the dependant variable of light. Now she would only receive reinforcement when the light was turn on and she rolled. The following hypothesis was supported desired behaviors can be controlled through proper rein forcement and reward. Method Participants One virtual rat was used in this experiment. She was provided through the Sniffy the virtual rat Pro version 3. 0 CD Rom software. Materials In the virtually simulated world of Sniffy a cage, a light, a magazine and pellets of food were utilized.